Spain :: essays research papers

Population The Spanish people are essentially a mixture of the indigenous peoples of the Iberian Peninsula with the successive peoples who conquered the peninsula and occupied it for extended periods. These added ethnologic elements include the Romans, a Mediterranean people, and the Suevi, Vandals, and Visigoths (see GOTHS), Teutonic peoples. Semitic elements are also present. Several ethnic groups in Spain have kept a separate identity, culturally and linguistically. These include the Basques (Euskal-dun), who number about 2.5 million and live chiefly around the Bay of Biscay; the Galicians, numbering about 2.5 million, who live in northwestern Spain; and the nomadic Spanish Gypsies (Gitanos; see GYPSIES). Population Characteristics The population of Spain (1991) was 38,872,268. The estimate for 1993 was 39,207,159; the overall density was about 78 people per sq km (about 201 per sq mi). Spain in increasingly urban with more than three-fourths of the population in towns and cities. "Spain," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation. Forestry and Fishing The cork-oak tree is the principal forest resource of Spain, and the annual production of cork, more than 110,000 metric tons in the mid-1980s, is second only to that of Portugal. The yield of Spain's forests is insufficient for the country's wood-pulp and timber needs. The fishing industry is important to the Spanish economy. The annual catch was about 1.5 million metric tons in 1990 and consisted primarily of tuna, squid, octopus, hake, sardines, anchovies, mackerel, blue whiting, and mussels. Mining The mineral wealth of Spain is considerable. In 1990 annual production included about 36 million metric tons of coal and lignite, 1.5 million tons of iron ore, 255,000 tons of zinc concentrates, 58,400 tons of lead, 5 million tons of gypsum, and 795,000 tons of crude petroleum. The principal coal mines are in the northwest, near Oviedo; the chief iron-ore deposits are in the same area, around Santander and Bilbao; large mercury reserves are located in Almadà ©n, in southwestern Spain, and copper and lead are mined in Andalusia. Other minerals produced are potash, manganese, fluorite, tin, tungsten, wolfram, bismuth, antimony, cobalt, and rock salt. Manufacturing Among the leading goods manufactured in Spain are textiles, iron and steel, motor vehicles, chemicals, clothing, footwear, ships, refined petroleum, and cement. Spain is one of the world's leading wine producers, and the annual output in the late 1980s was about 2.3 million metric tons. The iron and steel industry, centered in Bilbao, Santander, Oviedo, and Avilà ©s, produced about 13.

Caap History

Philippines'  Civil Aviation Authority  formerly  Air Transportation Office, abbreviated as  CAAP, is an agency of thePhilippine government  under the  Department of Transportation and Communications  responsible for implementing policies on civil aviation to assure safe, economic and efficient air travel. [2]  The agency also investigates aviation accidents. [3]  The agency's main office is in  Pasay City ————————————————- History Legislative Act No. 909 passed by the  Philippine Legislative  on November 20, 1931 created an Office under the Department of Commerce and Communications to handle aviation matters, particularly the enforcement of rules and regulations governing commercial aviation as well as private flying. It was amended by Act 3996 to include licensing of airmen and aircraft, inspection of aircraft concerning air traffic rules, schedule s and rates and enforcement of Aviation Laws. [5] From 1932 to 1936, there were no standard procedures as to the licensing of airmen, registration of aircraft and recording of various aeronautical activities connected with commercial aviation.There were attempts made to register planes and their owners without ascertaining their airworthiness and to record names of pilots, airplane mechanics and other details. [5] In 1933, the office of Technical Assistant of Aviation matters was enlarged into the Aeronautics Division under the Department of Commerce and Industry, the functions of which were embodied in Administrative Order No. 309, a joint Bulletin issued by the Department of Public Works and Communications and the Department of Finance. 5] In October 1934, Act 4033 was passed to require a franchise from the  Philippine government  in order to operate an air service and to regulate foreign aircraft operations. [5]On November 12, 1936, the  Philippine Legislative  passed Com monwealth Act No. 168, better known as the Civil Aviation Law of the  Philippines  which created the Bureau of Aeronautics. After the liberation of the  Philippines  in March 1945, the Bureau was reorganized and placed under the  Department of National Defense. Among its functions was to promulgate Civil Aviation Regulations. 5] On October 1947, Executive Order No. 94 which reorganized the government transferred Bureau of Aeronautics to the Newly created Department of Commerce and Industry and renamed Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA). [5] On June 5, 1948,  Republic Act  224 created the National Airports Corporation which was charged with the management and operations of all national airports. [5] On June 20, 1952,  Republic Act  No. 776, otherwise known as the Civil Aeronautics Act of the  Philippines  reorganized the Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration.It defined the powers and duties of both agencies including the funds, per sonnel and the regulations of Civil Aviation. [5] On October 19, 1956, Executive Order No. 209 placed the Civil Aeronautics Administration under the administrative supervision and control of the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications. [5] * Marcos Era On January 20, 1975, Letter of Instruction No. 244 transferred to the Department of Public Highways the responsibilities relative to airport plans, designs, construction, improvement, maintenance as well as site acquisition.The responsibilities related to location, planning design and funding were later returned to the CAA. [5] On July 23, 1979, Executive Order No. 546, the CAA was renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT) and placed under the  Ministry of Transportation and Communications. [6] * Cory Aquino Presidency On April 13, 1987, Executive Order No. 125-A renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation the Air Transportation Office headed by the Assistant Secretary of Air Transportation. [7] * Arroyo Admi nistration On December 3, 2007,  Senator  Edgardo J.Angara  filed senate bill number 1932, otherwise known as CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ACT OF 2007, authorizing the appropriation of funds therefore, and for other purposes. [8]  The bill abolishes the Air Transportation Office (ATO) and in its stead creates the  Civil Aviation Authority  (CAA), which is mandated to set comprehensive, clear and impartial rules of the aviation industry. Under the new law, the CAA shall be an independent regulatory body with quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative powers with corporate attributes and on March 4, 2008,  President  Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo  sign into law.FAA and EU downgrades and other controversies On January 17, 2008, the  United States  Federal Aviation Administration  (FAA) downgraded the  Philippines' rating to Category 2 from Category 1, since its Air Transportation Office (Philippines) (ATO) did not fully satisfy international safety standards. Consequently,  Philippine Airlines  (PAL) president Jaime Bautista stated that its 2008 growth targets would be lowered. Just out of 8 years of  receivership  last year, the FAA decision prevented PAL from increasing US flights from 33 per week. 10]  Then President  Gloria Macapagal-Arroyodismissed acting Air Transportation Office chief Danilo Dimagiba after the downgrade and designated DOTC [Department of Transportation and Communications] Secretary  Leandro Mendoza  as concurrent Officer in Charge of ATO. Also, the  Embassy of the United States in Manila  warned US citizens in the Philippines â€Å"to refrain from using Philippine-based carriers due to ‘serious concerns' about the ATO's alleged mishandling of the aviation industry.Dimagiba blamed lack of funds for the FAA downgrade, alleging that ATO needs Php 1 billion ($1 = Php 40), roughly around $25,000,000. [11] Effective April 1, 2010, the European Union, following the FAA's lead, banned Philippine carriers from f lying to Europe. Asia Times reported, â€Å"EU ambassador Alistair MacDonald said: ‘The commission considers that the supervisory authority is currently not able to implement and enforce the relevant safety standards, and decided therefore to ban from EU airspace all air carriers licensed in the Philippines until these deficiencies are corrected. â€Å"[12] On June 19, 2010, important navigation equipment at the Manila airport maintained by CAAP failed. The very high frequency omni-directional radio range (VOR) which helps planes land especially in bad weather stopped working due to heavy rain and there was no available replacement. One had to be brought from another airport. [13]

Civilization in Lord of the Flies - 546 Words

Civilization has been a pinnacle of human achievement since it appeared. To be called uncouth is a grave insult. However, is civilization truly a part of who humans are or is what they have come to associate with savagery more true to the human heart? Through Peter Brook and William Golding’s presentation of Lord of the Flies share the idea that â€Å"savagery† will overcome rational thought and when structure falls, the primitive mind will rule, Brook shows this primitiveness as more a part of the human psyche than an evil to be eliminated. Savagery overcomes forms of logical thought that has been revolutionized and prized by humans since the dawn of learning. When given a task to earn the children salvation, Jack abandons his duty and goes off hunting (pg. 70). If he had thought it through properly, Jack would have realized that all the meat he could dream of is at his home. Even if he were catering to his ego, Jack should have realized that there is no grander or mo re revered deed than saving all the children with his vigilance. After the second feast, Jack orders everyone to fight off the rain with a rain dance (pg. 151). A dance cannot possibly stop or affect atmospheric events. As a school boy, this logic should have been ingrained into him from his early childhood. As soon as any form of structure disappears, the previous ways of humans will immediately jump in and take over the human mind. Within an hour of crashing upon the island, â€Å"Ralph inspected the whole thirtyShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies - Civilization vs Savagery2896 Words   |  12 Pageswar, Golding resumed teaching and wrote his first novel, Lord of the Flies. Lord Of The Flies tells us the story of a handful of young schoolboys who had been marooned on an island as the plane that they were travelling, on to escape the war was shot down. The only survivors were the passengers, British schoolchildren between the ages of six and thirteen. It revolves around how the children cope without the structure of authority, civilization and the watchful eye of grown ups. Though the novel isRead More Battle between Civilization and Savagery in Lord of the Flies1804 Words   |  8 PagesBattle between Civilization and Savagery in Lord of the Flies    Civilization today has become almost completely reliant on technology. Almost the entire planet is connected by phone lines, roads, air travel, or the internet. People converse with others thousands of miles away through modern connections, watch live broadcasts of news in foreign lands, or talk on wireless phones by use of satellites. We are governed by laws designed to protect us. We live in heated homes with fresh waterRead MoreLord Of The Flies Civilization Vs Savagery Analysis1209 Words   |  5 PagesCivilization as a whole is capable of savagery if they do not recognize their own flaws. In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, a group of British schoolboys are stuck on an island. In this World War II allegorical story, savagery is infectious and spreading quickly. The struggle of civilization versus savagery and the dream of rescue are the main focus of the boys. The author uses the way Ralph changes throughout the novel to illustrate how close humans are to s avagery if they do notRead MoreA Fragile Civilization in The Lord of the Flies by William Golding1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe lord of the flies is a novel by William Golding author published in 1954 that shows fragility of civilization. It describes the regressive course of children themselves. After a plane crash, a group of children found alone without adults on a deserted island. Quickly the group organized in a democratic pattern: they choose by-election a leader, Ralph, and decide the role of each. Meetings organized, privileged moments lyrics. Various incidents and life which looks tougher as they thought initiallyRead MoreEssay about Lord of the Flies: Civilization vs Savagery775 Words   |  4 Pageschoose to live by one or the other depending on how we feel is the correct way to live. In this allegorical novel, William Golding represents the transformation from civilization to savagery in the conflict between two of the main characters: Ralph who represents law and order and Jack who represents savagery and violence. Lord of the Flies has remained a very controversial novel to this day with its startling, brutal, and truthful picture of the human nature. In the beginning, human influence was startingRead MoreCivilization Versus Savagery in Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies† was written by William Golding to demonstrate the problems of society and the sinful nature of man. Golding uses symbols, characters and objects to represent his main ideas and themes. The conch was used to call meetings but is also symbolic of the government structure and power. One of the main themes in the novel â€Å"Civilization vs. Savagery† is fought between two egos, Jack the Id who represents savagery and the desire for power and Ralph the Ego and protagonistRead MoreLord of the Flies Allegory: Civilization vs. Savagery Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Allegory: Civilization vs. Savagery Every human has a primal instinct lying within them. It is not a question of how close to the actual surface it dwells, but rather how well an individual controls and copes with it. In a state of prolonged anguish and panic, what is one truly capable of? Can one remain sophisticated or will the temptation of their dark subconscious take over, bringing out the barbarianism which exists in us all? William Golding’s Lord of the Flies exploresRead MoreThe Defeat of Civilization in William Golding ´s Lord of the Flies688 Words   |  3 PagesIn Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, the Beast singlehandedly removes civilization from the island. At first, the Beast is only perceived as a minor fear, however, by the end of the book, it is perceived as an idol. The Beast is first introduced as a figment of the boys’ imagination, but further develops into a legitimate creature—by the boys—later on. By the end, the Beast becomes an actual G-d that the boys worsh ip by offering sacrifices to it, symbolizing the substitution of civilization withRead MoreCivilization Vs. Savagery In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies925 Words   |  4 PagesSince the dawn of time, humans have been evolving their behavior and way of life. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, he puts a group of boys on an island with a choice. Stay civilized while following rules and attempting to be rescued or tap into their primal instincts and lose all sense of humanity and morality. The theme of civilization versus savagery can be seen in the boys struggle to remain civil as demonstrated through Ralph and Jack’s conflict, Their growing fear for their safety, andRead MoreEssay on Civilization Versus Savagery in Goldings Lord of the Flies1754 Words   |  8 Pagestwisted by their own nature. Like the symbolic pigÂ’s head stuck in the calm forests clearing, all beauty and innocence can be mutated when order is overthrown by impulse actions. In William Gold ingÂ’s novel, Lord of the Flies, a central theme exists demonstrating the deterioration of civilization, and the overpowering of savagery, leading to the abandonment of moral thoughts and actions within a person. The beauty of the island is burned away slowly as the fiery demon of savagery attempts to overwhelm